DOMINICA
Investor Program
Advantages
• Citizenship and a second passport for life for the applicant and dependent family members • Travel visa-free to more than 115 countries
• Visa Free access to Schengen Area countries granted in May 2015
• Enjoy tax free status
• No requirement to reside in Dominica
• No management or educational requirements
• No country restrictions (Open to all applicants)
Requirements
• Applicants can make a non-refundable donation to the government fund or invest
in a government approved real-estate project
• Be over 18 years old
• Have no criminal record
• Provide all the documents are required in English
• Provide a letter of application for economic citizenship addressed to the Minister
responsible for Citizenship
• Have basic knowledge of the English language
• Make a deposit in a bank account at the National Commercial Bank of Dominica
• Must use a government authorised agent
Investment Options
1. The Government Fund option (non-refundable) Minimum to be invested:
• USD 100,000 for a single applicant
• USD 175,000 for applicant accompanied by a spouse
• USD 175,000 for applicant accompanied by up to two children under 18 years old
• USD 200,000 for applicant accompanied by a spouse and two children under 18
years old
• Add USD 50,000 for each additional dependent of the main applicant other than
a spouse 2. The Real Estate option (saleable after 3 years) Purchase authorised
real estate with a minimum value of USD 200,000, which must be held for at least
three years. In addition to the cost of the real-estate the following additional
government fees apply:
• Main applicant: USD 50,000
• Spouse: USD 25,000
• Dependent under 18: USD 20,000
• Dependant aged 18-25: USD 50,000
Process (3-4 months)
• Prepare all the documents required and submit them via an authorised agent, and
pay due diligence fees
• After approval, every applicant must sign an oath of allegiance in front of a Notary
Public, Justice of Peace or Commissioner of Oaths
• Obtain the passport after the citizenship confirmation
MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA · CITIZENSHIP BY INVESTMENT
Egypt: The $250,000 Gateway Between Three Continents
Six years after Law No. 190 of 2019, Cairo's programme has matured into the most accessible direct-citizenship offer in the MENA region — and a quiet backdoor to the American E-2 visa.
The context
Egypt entered the citizenship-by-investment market in March 2020, when the government published Law No. 190 of 2019 amending the Nationality Law of 1975 and creating a specialised citizenship unit under the Prime Minister's Office, working in coordination with the Ministry of Interior, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the General Authority for Investment and Free Zones (GAFI) and the Central Bank. The timing was not incidental: a currency under chronic pressure, an IMF programme demanding foreign-exchange inflows, and a state-led construction boom centred on the New Administrative Capital all argued for converting nationality into a source of hard currency. Prime Ministerial Decree No. 876 of 2023 refined the framework, and by 2026 the programme has settled into a steady rhythm of applications — an instrument of macroeconomic policy as much as of migration.
The deeper logic is demographic and diasporic. Egypt is the most populous Arab state, with over 110 million people, and millions of Egyptians abroad who lost or diluted their nationality across generations in Europe, North America and the Gulf. Since the dual-nationality reforms, CBI beneficiaries may retain their original citizenship — transforming the programme into a mechanism for formalising the return of diaspora capital, restoring inheritance rights and re-anchoring family property.
Programme mechanics
Four routes are available. The floor is a non-refundable contribution of US$250,000 to the state treasury. A second route requires US$300,000 in real estate from government-owned or approved projects — one or more properties, completed or under construction, sellable after five years. A third combines a US$350,000 business investment (new or existing, maintained five years) with a US$100,000 treasury donation. The fourth is a US$500,000 interest-free deposit at the Central Bank of Egypt, refundable after three years in Egyptian pounds — an option that carries explicit exchange-rate risk and which most advisers now treat with caution. All sums must arrive in US dollars from abroad, alongside a US$10,000 state fee per application.
Processing runs six to twelve months through security clearance, initial approval, a six-month residence permit, and final decree. A minimum two-day visit during the application stage is now mandatory. Children under 21 are naturalised with the principal applicant; spouses wait two years — a deliberate anti-fraud mechanism. There is no residency requirement, no language test, and no interview on Egyptian history.
PROGRAMME AT A GLANCE — JULY 2026
MINIMUM : US$250,000 donation
TIMELINE : 6–12 months
RESIDENCY : None required
SIGNATURE ASSET : US E-2 eligibility
Strategic analysis
Measured purely by mobility, the Egyptian passport is mid-table — roughly 50 destinations visa-free or on arrival, including visa-on-arrival access to Nigeria, unique among CBI states. But mobility misses the point. Egyptian citizenship carries E-2 treaty eligibility with the United States under the 1992 treaty, unrestricted rights to own land and 100% of companies in a market of 110 million, membership of the African Continental Free Trade Area, and exemption from military service for dual citizens. Against Caribbean programmes now priced above US$200,000 for far smaller economies, Egypt sells continental scale at a comparable entry point — with the caveat, which honest advisers state plainly, that freedom of expression on domestic matters is perceived differently than in Western jurisdictions.
Startup & Entrepreneur Route
Egypt's CBI business route — US$350,000 into a new or existing company plus a US$100,000 treasury donation — is the programme's entrepreneurial spine, but most founders enter below it: GAFI investor residency (renewable one-to-five-year permits tied to an approved project) accompanies any genuinely capitalised venture, and the Golden License regime grants single-approval status to strategic projects, cutting the licensing maze to one decree. The startup ecosystem — ITIDA's programmes, Cairo's accelerator cluster, the region's largest engineering-graduate pipeline — runs on costs a Gulf founder reads as rounding errors.
The currency is the risk and the reason: devaluation has made Egyptian technical talent the Mediterranean's cheapest, while repatriating profits demands structuring discipline. Founders who solve the FX architecture get a 110-million-person market and, at the US$450,000 all-in level, a passport with E-2 optionality attached to the company they were building anyway.
INVESTOR CASES — ANONYMISED COMPOSITE PROFILES
The Toronto logistics entrepreneur, 47
Cairo-born, a Canadian passport holder since 2003, he took the US$300,000 real-estate route into a New Administrative Capital project in late 2025. The purchase restored inheritance rights over family property in Heliopolis that had been trapped in probate for a decade, and positioned his freight-forwarding firm to bid on AfCFTA corridor contracts as a domestic operator rather than a foreign one. His citizenship decree was issued in under eight months; his two teenage children were naturalised with him, his wife enters the two-year spousal queue.
The Gulf-based Syrian family office, second generation
Holding precarious documentation after two decades in the GCC, the family chose the US$500,000 Central Bank deposit precisely because it is recoverable — treating Egyptian nationality as a stabilising anchor citizenship for banking compliance across Dubai and Istanbul, where accounts had been repeatedly frozen for want of a durable nationality. The pound-denominated refund is, in their accounting, the acceptable price of a permanent legal identity. The two-year spousal delay was the only friction point; the E-2 option is held in reserve for the next generation.
